Verbs like gustar pdf. ¿A ti no _____ gusta mirar la televisión? 2.

Verbs like gustar pdf To work with gustar and verbs like gustar, use the following pattern: INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN + THIRD-PERSON [sing. 10. Verbs like "Gustar" - Spanish Practice (Enrique Yepes, Bowdoin) There is a group of verbs that are most frequently used with indirect objects. Because of this, their conjugation always uses an indirect object This is a good time to discuss the verb “gustar” because using it requires use of the IO pronouns. Check The proper use of verbs like “gustar” can be challenging for English speakers because of the way they are fundamentally different from they way we’d say things using this type of verb. Use the CORRECT button to see the correct form. ] verb + noun When working with gustar and verbs like gustar, remember the following points: 1. 4-1 story Sp1_cap1a_Gustar With Infinitives Lesson and Practice - Free download as PDF File (. interesar = to interest fascinar = to fascinate importar = to be important / to matter / WORKSHEET 2 – GUSTAR and SIMILAR VERBS A. The written lesson is below. Examples illustrate how these verbs function in sentences, emphasizing the role of indirect object pronouns. In the chart below, verbs that are conjugated like "gustar" are in bold. La clase me aburre. Graded Practice . Find other quizzes for World Languages and more on Quizizz for free! Enter code. Identifying verbs like “gustar” First of all, we need to understand that “gustar” doesn’t actually mean “to like”, but rather “to be pleasing”:. Me gusta el cuarto. Assessment • Deleted User • World Languages • 10th - 12th Grade • 631 plays • Medium. (You Practice your Spanish grammar in this graded fill-the-blank activity that focuses on: Gustar and Verbs Like Gustar #1. Doler conjugation is mostly irregular, this The document explains verbs like 'gustar' that require indirect objects, such as 'encantar', 'importar', and 'interesar'. In English, it means to be pleasing to. Gustar in the Indicative Present. I like to Gustar - Hoja 1 Gramática española: El verbo gustar y su pronombre relativo Ejercicios: 1) A mí ___ cantar. me gustan le gusta te gusta me gusta Gustar – to like; Poder – can / to be able to; Dar – to give; Bonus: Learning Tips; Additional Resources for Verbs. [I like to eat apples. La película me aburre. A mí _____ aburren las Your objective in this lesson is to understand how to use these verbs correctly. la comida. Gustar and verbs like Gustar worksheet LiveWorksheets. Emails my answers to my teacher. 4 Vebrksi le gustar La fotonovela Rewrite each sentence, choosing the correct form of the verb in parentheses. The most common is gustar, which is the equivalent of to View Spanish Language & Culture _ Verbs Like Gustar. Affective verbs in Spanish (verbs like ‘gustar’) convey that a thing or activity affects a person. Me gusta jugar al baloncesto. Dozens of other verbs follow the same rules for use and construction, so once you’ve mastered one, you Verbs like gustar 1794772 worksheets by James Murrell Owmby . You have to say that the thing is pleasing to you. com 9/6/17, 8:56 AM VERBS LIKE GUSTAR Notes: 1. Use this activity. How Gustar Works ⇒ With gustar and verbs like it, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked , while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object . gustar faltar . Sign in. However, “gustar” is not formed like the regular verbs in Spanish. 1 Fill out the following sentences with the preposition a (it will sometimes be used more than once), plus the correct Verbs like gustar 1991205 worksheets by Ms Bynog . Maru, te (quedan, queda) bien las faldas y los vestidos. [2] Both verbs function differently than in English, requiring an indirect Just like nouns, infinitives can be used after a verb like gustar to say what you and others like to do. Show all Topic 1 Verbs like Gustar We have already learned the verb gustar. Other verbs like “gustar” are: encantar to be enchanting, to like very much; fascinar to fascinate, to be fascinating (to); interesar to be interesting (to); molestar to bother, to annoy; preocupar to worry; importar to be important (to), to matter; These other verbs, like the verb Gustar in Spanish is a verb used to describe something that a subject likes, but this verb looks and acts differently than saying you like something in English. 4 - Verbs like gustar. Amo a mi mamá (o madre). Me gusta cantar (I like to sing). The room is pleasing to me. Share. You may use “A”dditional information for clarification or emphasis. (I like yogurt. Select the correct form of gustar. txt) or read online for free. Completa con el pronombre de objeto indirecto y la forma de tiempo presente adecuados en If you like the idea of these Spanish reading comprehension passages, but are not working on the verb gustar or los pasatiempos right now, you might prefer some different topics. Nos gustan los libros. to lack . to fascinate . Subjects. Verbs Like Gustar Practice Created by Lori Ryales In summary, this A1-level Spanish exercise offers a well-rounded approach to practicing emotion-conveying verbs like “gustar” in positive and negative contexts. Gustar and Verbs like Gustar. or pl. It is “A”ptional. 9. 0. Click View Verbs Like Gustar - StudySpanish. Then, get to know 100+ other Spanish verbs and phrases that follow the same conjugation Using gustar with verbs When using gustar with another verb (For instances the sentence "I like to swim") always use the infinitive conjugation of the other verb (me gusta nadar) . “gustar” expresses a certain effect • When someone likes to do something, gustar + infi nitive is used. by Mgajdos. ] Me gusta fumar cigarrillos y beber cerveza. ) (A ti) Te gusta el yogur. Download PDF Worksheet Validation. gusta; gustan; You like the paintings. The document discusses the Spanish verbs gustar and encantar. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. impersionar . Me encanta la pizza. What is the meaning of the verb gustar? Roughly translated to Learn about verbs like gustar in Spanish while playing the Spanish Sentence Quiz. The exam horrifies me. It gives the meaning without saying who does it. Worksheet & Printables . Spanish teachers can provide this worksheet (Fillable document) to their The document explains verbs like 'gustar' that require indirect objects, such as 'encantar', 'importar', and 'interesar'. It Seems Like A Good Idea To Her. Comencemos Instrucciones: Gustar and verbs like Gustar 2212635 worksheets by Mark Bryant . Verbs like gustar worksheet LiveWorksheets. They illustrate another way to use the verb gustar. This is what your quiz will look like but without the words below encantar molestar importar quedar parecer faltar fascinar doler preocupar interesar 1. Hace + Time Words: [Power Point] Verbs like Gustar follow the same unique sentence structure that we saw with “Gustar” and utilize indirect object pronouns. I • Verbs like gustar are conjugated according to whatever is doing the action, normally in the third person singular (_____,_____form) or third person plural (_____,_____form) • It is almost Other verbs like GUSTAR We are going to learn four other verbs that function like GUSTAR. Interesa 2. Irregular Yo Verbs in the Present Tense - Notes Sheet: Notes Sheet on Irregular Yo Verbs in the Present Tense. s VERBS LIKE GUSTAR 1. ) I made the following graphic that explains the conjugations of "gustar" for singular and multiple nouns. pdf), Text File (. With these verbs, the subject is the activity or things Gustar conjugation: practice exercise Fill in the blanks with the correct word: 1. Me impresionan sus pinturas. For instance, Me gusta la musica (I like music). B Circle the verb that follows gustar in each sentence. No me gustan las serpientes. Through matching affirmations, categorizing verbs, and engaging in oral discussions, students can develop a deeper understanding of these verbs and build their confidence in using them effectively in real-life A Circle the verb that follows to likein each sentence. gustar e ir Spin the wheel. Le . fastidiar . We like the books. GUSTAN if what comes after it is plural. Don't let Spanish verbs like "gustar" catch you off guard! Find out how to use and conjugate the tricky "gustar" (to like, to be pleasing). A mí me gusta el zumo de naranja. You have to use the Indirect Object Pronoun. ♦b) Me gustan. Fill in the correct object pronoun (me, te, le, nos, or les) 1. VERBS LIKE GUSTAR Translate the following sentences. Read the grammar lesson on this topic to learn more. To Gustar - Download as a PDF or view online for free. At first glance, we can already notice some differences between English and Spanish. 4 Verbs like gustar pg. fascinar . pdf from ENGLISH 102 at Orange High School. 4- Verbs like Gustar (verbos como gustar) is shared under a CC BY-NC 4. Ex. Sign in Lección Nombre Fecha 7. 2. falta; How to Introduce the Verb Gustar. gusta; gustan; Select the correct form of faltar. pdf - Google Drive. Orange juice is pleasing to me. Sp2 gustar + comidas Unjumble. The Spanish verb doler means “to hurt,” “to grieve,” and “to ache. I'm lacking the money to buy the ring. Study tools. pdf from LAN 115 at George Brown College Canada. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use words like “gustar” and “encantar”. Gusta vs gustan is a challenging Verbs like gustar . If we find any ambiguity or confusion in the sentence, we Verbs like Gustar + Pronouns after prepositions - Notes Sheet: Notes Sheet on Verbs like Gustar + Pronouns after prepositions. Fill-the-blank Worksheet . This verb takes the indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, les) in front of the conjugated verb form. Me fascina la lectura. OR No me gusta la WORKSHEET – GUSTAR and SIMILAR VERBS A. 62-63 Lección 1 1. Importa 4. Using “gustar” in sentences produces a particular grammar structure Verbs like "gustar" The following verbs (below) are conjugated like the verb "gustar". The “ a mí” can be included for more emphasis or clarification but is not required. To say I like the books in Spanish, we would say Me gustan los libros. Rather than the subject performing the action, the subject is the recipient of the action. Quedan 2. to impress . Downloadable PDF; This guide includes a list of Spanish verbs, each with a conjugation guide and quiz so Chapter 3 Lesson 1 (Shopping, verbs like gustar, present and preterite past tense) Midterm Exam (includes listening, writing, reading, speaking and multiple choice portion) Semester Two (12-15 days per unit) Chapter 3 Lesson 2 (Shopping and bargaining, irregular preterite review) 4-1 story telling notes pages 1 and 3. Me fastidia tu decisin. Ease of Use. Molesta 3. I like the Welcome to our grammar lesson on the Spanish verb gustar, which means “to be pleasing”. las pinturas. A mí, me gusta el restaurante. I like the room. pdf: File Size: 128 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File. This means the person is not the subject but rather the object or objects or the action is pleasing to a person or to several people. La fotonovela 1. For example, me gusta correr. When working with gustar and verbs like gustar, remember the following points: 1. Her Verbs Like Gustar: Test #1 . Save. 1. The only difference in the conjugation is the addition of letter GRAMMAR NOTES: Gustar – Lección 1 The verb gustar IS NOT LIKE OTHER VERBS: you do not use the normal –ar verb endings. Creo que les nuestra escuela. However, affective verbs express that the subject causes a reaction or emotion. Me horroriza el examen. Verbs Like Gustar . The Indicative Present of gustar is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. Commonly Used By Native Speakers. View Homework Help - Gustar and Verbs like Gustar practica 2. Log in. In Spanish, with gustar, the thing or person that you like is the subject of the View 48 - Verbs Like Gustar. Me faltan mis gatitos. I like riding my bike. The book interests me. Also, when using gustar with another verb Verb gustar 605227 worksheets by mpistorino . 4. -Me gusta- I like -Te gusta- You like (informal) -Le gusta- He, she, you like(s) (formal) Gustar Exercises 1 Gustar and Related Verbs: Exercises These exercises provide practice in the gustar structure. How to use MOLESTAR me nos te os le les indirect object pronouns molesta singular object or verb molestan plural object INTERESAR, FASCINAR, and So Me gusta la película means “I like the movie,” but its literal structure is more like “The movie is pleasing to me”!. A Jimena y a Juan Carlos no les (molesta, molestan) la lluvia. 5. Free Practice Resources: Word List: Verbs Like Gustar Practice Worksheet: Verbs Like Subject: The room I like the room. Take Note: Like other verbs in Spanish, gustar is conjugated based on the subject. Important: Be able to conjugate gustar and similar verbs in the present tense and past tense! Don't get confused if you see something such as "te gustó. Connecting to what you already know! Match English to Spanish equivalents. No me encanta. Instructions for making accents on a Mac or a PC. As I mentioned earlier, if you throw gustar on the board and demonstrate how to conjugate it, they’ll likely get confused. falta; faltan; We're lacking the money to buy the tickets. So instead of saying, "I like pizza", you would say "Pizza is pleasing to me. Subject: I Finally notice that while the English sentence has a direct object, the Spanish sentence has an indirect object. How to use gustar. Lots of ways to interact with the activity. Starting with verb View Chapter 7. To say that you like something in Spanish using gustar, you have to rearrange the words. ♦1) I like it! ♦2) I like them ♦3) He likes to travel. Nouns and Verbs Like Gustar quiz for 10th grade students. Worksheet. ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ X Z Learn about sentence structure with verbs like gustar; Create sentences with gusta followed by a verb in the infinitive Form sentences detailing that a person doesn't like something Verbs like "gustar" The following verbs (below) are conjugated like the verb "gustar". A Marta gusta mirar las estrellas. 3. For days 1 and 2 of the unit, we will introduce the verb gustar. " Important: Be able to conjugate gustar and similar verbs in the present tense and past tense! Don't get confused if you see something such as "te gustó. Since it’s an affective verb, it follows a completely Verbs like gustar - Descargar como PDF o ver en línea de forma gratuita. Verbs like Gustar This is a good time to discuss the verb Verbs like gustar • Many verbs follow the same pattern as gustar. LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do ¡Hola! Gracias por acompañarnos. We do not Because of this, the verb gustar is most frequently used in the third person, either singular or plural. Me . Singular subject Plural subject (A mí) Me gusta el yogur. 8. 1-3-d_verbs_like_gustar. Verbs Like Gustar. Conjugations/Forms of Gustar: Remember! GUSTA if what comes after it is singular. com. Guest. The movie bores me. This page titled 9. I like chocolate = (A mí) me gusta el chocolate. los libros. Student preview. Complete the sentence with a verb similar to the GUSTAR construction and the correct indirect object pronoun. to horrify . I like the restaurant. Ease of Setup. Me gusta comer manzanas. Nov 17, 2014 2 likes 4,381 views. 5. gusta el chocolate oscuro. Log in Sign up. 0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Amy Rossomondo, editor (KU Open Language Resource Center) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform. A Benito le gusta navegar por Internet. Fascinan 6. Check my answers. Take Note: There are many verbs like gustar that follow these patterns and are essential for communication. Brad likes to surf the Web. Log in to save your progress . 2. I don’t like snakes (las serpientes). Complete the sentence by selecting the correct word from the dropdown. Te . To clarify who is being referred to To aid those confused by verbs like gustar, here is an explanation that aims to enhance understanding and hopefully foster appreciation for its structure. CONGRATULATIONS, YOU’RE DONE! The Verb Gustar In the Spanish language, the verb “gustar” means to like something or like doing something. el dinero para comprar los boletos. to annoy . Irregular Yo Verbs in the Present Tense: [Power Point] Notes on Irregular Yo Verbs in the Present Tense. Login/Signup. He likes the books we are reading. El libro me interesa. 9: G. With the verb gustar, if what is liked (or is pleasing) is an action rather than a thing, substitute the infinitive of the appropriate verb for the noun. Martha likes looking at the stars. gusta; gustan; I like the books. 10/31/23, 9:57 PM Spanish Language & Culture | Verbs Like Gustar Home Verbos conjugados This is the case of ‘gustar’ and verbs like it, which require the use of very interesting structures that defy intuition in many instances. Create. ] Other verbs like Gustar for Spanish elementary . el dinero para comprar el anillo. 6. Nos gustar el fútbol 1. 3rd Grade 4th Grade 5th Grade 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Vista previa de texto sin formato: Gustar and verbs like Gustar 2 Guided Notes and Graphic Organizer Foundation Notes: Sentences that use verbs like gustar can be broken down into 4 pieces. Close Enter How to Use & Conjugate Verbs Like Gustar in Spanish. (I like to run. pdf from SPAN 2001 at University Of Georgia. Gustar . List of verbs that behave like . verbs like gustar guided practice. Verbs like gustar interactive worksheet LiveWorksheets. Aburre 5. Following the example, first tell whether you like or don’t like something. So instead of saying, “I like pizza”, you Gustar and verbs like gustar can be tricky to explain and remember-- make them hands-on and easy to remember with this Interactive Notebook insert. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like gustar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: regular (follows regular conjugation rules for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs), stem-changing (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), spelling-changing (has consonant Verbs Like Gustar . ♦4) Do you like them? ♦5) Does she like it? ♦a) Le gusta viajar. GUSTAR. aburrir to bore caer bien/mal to (not) get along well disgustar to upset doler to hurt; to ache encantar to like very much faltargramática to lack; to need fascinar to fascinate hacer falta to miss; to need importar to be important to; to matter interesar to interest molestar to bother; to annoy preocupar to worry Gustar – to be pleasing/to like Infinitives: Infinitives: the _____ form of a verb (action word). They get progressively more difficult. Study You're logged in as a Guest. 1. Respond by trying to say the equivalent of that phrase in Spanish This week's Spanish Quickie is a bit different. Preview. I miss my cats. No me gusta el brócoli. Created by Jennifer Zimmer. Spanish II Verbos conjugados como gustar: Verbs Conjugated like Gustar Click anywhere on the page to see your answer with any incorrect letters replaced by the symbol =. The class bores me. ¿A ti no _____ gusta mirar la televisión? 2. " hello quizlet. gusta; gustan; She likes meat. Encanta 8. For example, instead of saying “I like coffee,” in Spanish, you would say “Me gusta el café,” which directly Enhanced Document Preview: Gustar and verbs like gustar, I. And one of them can’t stop talking. This document provides vocabulary and instruction for students to communicate what activities they Doler Conjugation: Free Spanish Lesson, Quiz, and PDF. me = Indirect Object I like the Practice your Spanish verb conjugations for the Verbs like gustar practice with graded drill activities and fun multi-player games. Verbs like gustar are conjugated like any other Spanish verb – based on the subject who performs the action. Me gusta el restaurante. [1] Gustar is used to say what someone likes, and encantar is used to say what someone loves. Edit. la carne. Verbs like gustar Unjumble. In Spanish, there are a few verbs that follow special rules when it comes to conjugating them and using them in a sentence. Answers on next slide. DocHub User Ratings on G2. I like the food. (I like eggs. Do you like to sing? ¿Te cantar? 4. Words that sure seem to work in the opposite way that most verbs do. Encantar means to like something a lot or to love something, and just ⇒ The most recognizable verb in this category of verbs like gustar is obviously gustar itself, which is often translated as to like, though it literally means to be pleasing to. In English, the following sentences are correct: I like the room. I like = Yo gusto Me gusta / Me gustan You like = Tú gustas Te gusta / Te gustan He likes = Él gusta Le gusta / Le gustan You’re literally saying ____ is/are pleasing to me You’re literally saying ____ is/are pleasing to you You’re literally saying ____ GUSTAR NOTES Gustar means _____. You will hear a phrase in English. Key Points: Gusta vs Gustan. Verb gustar worksheet LiveWorksheets. Verbs Like Gustar - StudySpanish. Try it as a student. It wouldn’t hurt to learn about doler conjugation!. Esta hoja de trabajo en PDF fue diseñada para ayudarte a practicar el verbo GUSTAR en español, mismo que es esencial en el idioma y probablemente el verbo más importante para hablar de lo que nos gusta o no en el idioma. Me encanta viajar. Remember this is the backwards verb. –ar infinitive Nombre Clase Indirect Object Pronouns & Verbs Like Gustar. pdf from SPANISH 708350-4 at Imagine School at North Port. Verbs like Gustar - construction and uses of verbs like gustar, encantar, and faltar. Then write whether it is an infinitive or an –ing form. Completa con el pronombre de objeto indirecto y la forma de tiempo presente adecuados en Verbs Like Gustar quiz for 10th grade students. 2 . Here are some more options for Whenever you want to express you like doing something, you'll throw infinitive verbs (-ar, -er, -ir) and use the the singular conjugation, no matter if you have dozens of verbs involved. In order to under Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. This document reviews the use of other verbs like Gustar through a simple reading comprehension activity. Verbs like gustar - Descargar como PDF o ver en línea de forma gratuita Otros verbos como gustar The following verbs are conjugated just like You know when you teach 3 or 4 (or 5 oh god or 6??) Spanish 1 sections and one of the classes is highly motivated. Spanish. ♦ 1) I Get the Spanish Verbs Gustar - Like Cheat Sheet PDF to follow along with the video and learn from the teaching. LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that GRAMMAR- To like and similar verbs 0’14 Verbo GUSTAR Observa las siguientes frases con el verbo gustar: A mí me gusta el helado A mí me gustan los caramelos Verb TO LIKE Observe the following phrases with the verb “to like”: To me, the ice cream gives me like {I like ice cream} To me, I like candies 0’31 A mí me gusta el helado Indicamos la persona con: (A mí) me, Verbs Like Gustar: Quiz #1 . Other verbs like GUSTAR We are going to learn four other verbs that function like GUSTAR. I love pizza! 4. " Connecting to what you already know! Match English to Spanish equivalents. [I like to smoke cigarrettes and to drink beer. While you are somewhat correct that it means “I like this, I like that”, it would be more correct to say “This is Gustar and verbs like gustar I. Do them one at a time, checking your answers after each in the Answer Key that follows the last exercise. pdf: File Size: 47 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File. Modelo: la música Me gusta la música. We like dark chocolate. Faltan 7. ”. You'll still learn some vocab and grammar--it's just a little more theoretical than normal. Fill in the blanks with the correct indirect object pronoun (me, Iniciar sesión Únete. . I think you would like our school. A él le los libros que estamos leyendo. These few verbs, the most important of which are gustar and encantar (see an The best way to modify Gustar practice worksheets in PDF format online. How to use Verbs like Gustar in Spanish Early on you learned the phrase “me gusta”. by Robertsm1. Each piece is labeled Spanish gustar, spanish writing activity, spanish class, spanish worksheet, spanish verbs like gustar, el verbo gustarSpanish 1 Chapter 2 Grammar Worksheet: Gustar and Verbs like GustarThis is a straightforward and simple worksheet that calls for students to identify 8 nouns/common verbs in Spanish, and write complete sentences about them using View Chapter 7. Gustar is Vista previa de texto sin formato: Ma#hew Prohorenko Estructura-1. We use this verb to talk about things we like (things that “are pleasing” to us). interesar = to interest fascinar = to fascinate importar = to be important / to matter / to care molestar = to bother. Ser, estar, tener. No me gusta el Common Verbs That Function Like Gustar. We like eating at the Cuban restaurant. Gustar feels different from most Spanish verbs in 2 important ways:. Then write whether it is an –ar, –er,or –ir infinitive. 7. Me gusta this, me gusta that. Home. horrorizar . Ejemplos: Cantar – _____ Jugar – to play Types of Infinitives: There are 3 GUSTAR is an infinitive –AR verb. LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive While gustar may be the most common verb that requires a “reverse” structure, there are certainly plenty of other verbs like gustar. 12 questions. Reading is fascinating. Gustar And Verbs Like Gustar #1 Created by CONJUGUEMOS VERBS LIKE GUSTAR 1. Lift-up tabs summarize the structures of verbs like gustar, and underneath students can Verbs like gustar follow special rules. Your decision is annoying. Verbs like gustar are a big part of the Spanish language an If you want your Spanish to sound natural, verbs like gustar is a really important topic to know. by Profesoraclaudiaq. Let’s start with a simple example to analyze the most basic differences. Nos . For example, "me gusta / me Understanding Verbs Like Gustar Verbs like gustar are different from regular verbs in that they express likes, dislikes, and preferences. ) Me gustan los huevos. ♦c) ¿Le gusta? ♦d) ¡Me gusta! ♦e) ¿Te gustan? I like that you are venturing into the use of the verb "to like" (gustar. It describes the construction used with these verbs, which is indirect object pronoun + verb + subject. ) Read the following sentences. Submit Search. These verbs have two forms: 3 rd person singular and 3 rd person plural (either present or preterite tense) and they use indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les). pdf from SPAN 2 at University of California, Los Angeles. amnhf pbxj riuk itucl hpqslp zhid cfszr iuogwm txey nlzjew neb pol njgw quegvp qfdvp \